The response of macrophages and their osteogenic potential modulated by micro/nano-structured Ti surfaces

• Tunable micro/nano-structured Ti surfaces were prepared by chemical treatments. Macrophage spreading was highly dependent on nano-structure morphological features. Micro/nano-structured activated M2 phenotype in macrophages. Current understanding the interactions between and macrophages is still limited. In this work, TiO 2 nano-structures introduced onto acid-etched alkali-heat treatment, ion exchange subsequent heat treatment. By adjusting concentration of NaOH during nano-flakes, nano-flakes mixed with nano-wires or could formed surfaces. The micro- possessed similar surface phase compositions. vitro results indicate that morphology features nano-structures. Nano-flakes favorable to induce formation lamellipodia filopodia, respectively. Compared micro-structured surface, polarized their enhanced gene expressions osteogenic growth factors promoted maturation osteoblasts. nano-wires, exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory osteo-immunomodulatory effects. findings presented current work suggest introducing micro/nano-topographies Ti-based implant a promising strategy modulate inflammatory response mediate osteogenesis.